Extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly for firearms



ay 27, 1947. J. DELSQLE 2,421,249

EXTRACTORANDBREECH-BOLT ASSEMBLY FOR FIREARMS Filed April 19, 1945 Amen/r0? Jose? H. DELSOLE.

Patented May 27, 1947 EXTRACTOR-AND-BREECH-BOLT ASSEM- BLY FOR FIREARMS .l'oseph H. Delsole, New Haven, Conn, assignor to Olin Industries, Inc, New Haven, Conn, a

corporation of Delaware Application April 19, 1945, Serial No. 589,116

7 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in firearms and relates more particularly to improvements in extractor-and-breech-bolt assemblies which include a movable breech-bolt and a cartridge-extractor carried by and movable relative to the said breech-bolt.

It may here be noted that cartridge-extractors, when carried by a movable breech-bolt, are subjected to violent displacing stresses incident to the movement of the breech-bolt. These displacing stresses are particularly heavy in selfloading military firearms of the well-known Garand type and the well known carbine Ml, wherein the breech-bolt not only recip-rocates lengthwise of itself but also turns transversely, which turning movement produces high centrifugal forces tending to displace the cartridgeextractor from the breech-bolt.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a superior extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly so constructed and arranged as to insure that the cartridge-extractor will be firmly held in assembled relationship with respect to its complemental breech-bolt, despite high displacing stresses.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a superior assembly of the character referred to in which the cartridge-extractor is firmly held in assembled relationship with respect to the movable breech-bolt and in which the said cartridge-extractor may be readily detached or separated from the breech-bolt when desired.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a superior assembl of the character referred to comprising a breech-bolt adapted to both reciprocate longitudinally and turn transversely, together with a cartridge-extractor pivotally carried by the said breech-bolt, and in which assembly the said cartridge-extractor is held against accidental displacement from the breech-bolt in a simple, reliable and eifective manner.

With the above and other objects in view, as will appear to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure, this invention includes all features in the said disclosure which are novel over the prior art.

In the accompanying drawings, in which certain modes of carrying out the present invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. 1 is a view in front-end elevation of an extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top'or plan view thereof;

Fig. 3 is a broken view in central-longitudinal section taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view in front-end elevation of the breech-bolt with the cartridge-extractor, extractor-plunger, and extractor-spring omitted; and

Fig. 5 is a perspective View of the cartridgeextractor, detached.

For the purpose of illustrating one embodiment of the present invention, there isshown in the accompanying drawings a breech-bolt which is generally designated by the reference character Hi and which is, generally speaking, of cylindrical form. Adjacent its forward end, the said breechbolt is formed with two laterally-projecting locking-lugs H and I2 respectively located at substantially diametrically-opposite points and preferably formed integral with the breech-bolt I0 proper. Projecting outwardly in turn from the outer end of the locking-lug I2 is an integral operating-lug l3 which may be utilized-for connection to an action-slide of a firearm of the type of the well known carbine M1.

In its forward face, the breech-bolt Ill is formed with a forwardly-opening cartridge-receiving recess M which is adapted to successively receive respectively the head-ends of cartridge-casings in a manner well known in the art. The production of the cartridge-receiving recess i l results in the formation on the front-end of the breechbolt of a cartridge-retaining flange I5 extending forwardly and substantially annular in form save where it is cut away at one side to provide an extractor-accommodating notch It. The upper wall of the said notch It provides a downwardlyfacing extractor-retaining abutment H, for pur-. poses as will hereinafter appear.

Extending axially through the breech-bolt I0 is a passage 18 in which is adapted to reciprocate a suitable firing-pin l9 having a firing-point 26 at its forward end which is adapted to'engage with the primer of a cartridge seated in the cartridge-receivin recess 14 in the front of the breech-bolt, all in a manner well known in the art. lilccentricall of and parallel with the firingpin I9, is a reciprocating ejector 2i not per se forming a part of the present invention and requiring no detailed description herein.

Extending perpendicularly with respect to the axial passage l8 and the breech-bolt l0 and laterally-intersecting the same, is a cylindrically-- contoured vertical passage 22 which is adapted to receive the vertical cylindrically-contoured stem 23 of a cartridge-extractor generally designated by the reference character 24. In addition to its stem 23, the said cartridge-extractor includes a body-portion 25 having at its forward end a hook-like cartridge-extracting lip 26 adapted to fit into a cannelure forming a feature of a cartridge-casing, as is common in the art.

The body-portion 25 of the cartridge-extractor 24 is accommodated in an upwardly-opening recess 2'! formed in the upper portion of the breechbolt I and extending part way into the lockinglug I2 thereof. The passage 22 which accommodates the stem 23 of the cartridge-extractor 24, leads downwardly from the bottom. of the inner portion of the said recess 21 and through the under face of the breech-bolt l9, as is indicated by broken lines in Fig; 4.

For the purpose of yieldingly urging the cartridge-extractor 24 to turn about its stem 23 as a center and in the direction required to move its cartridge-extracting lip 26 inwardly for engagement with a cartridge-casing, an extractorplunger 28 is provided. The said extractorplunger is disposed for reciprocation obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axisv of the breech-bolt, as is; shown in Fig. 3-, and has its outer end engaged withv the outer face, of the body portion 25 of the cartridge-extractor 24. The said extractor-plunger 2B mounted for reciprocation in the forward end of a: pocket 29 formed in. the outwardly-andeforwardly-sloping rear wall of the recess 21 in which the body-portion 25 is accommodated. Interpose'd between the inner end of the extractor-plunger 28' and the bottom of the pocket 29, is a. helical extractor-spring 30' which urges the said extractorplunger into. engagement with the body-portion 25- of the cartridge-extractor 24'.

It will be noted by reference to Figs. 1 and in particular that adjacent its cartridge-extracting lip 26 the body-portion 25- of the cartridgeextractor 24 is formed; with an upwardly-facing retaining-abutment 3i which is adapted to engage with the downwardl y facin-g extractor-retaining abutment IT in the upper portion of the cartridge-retaining flange 15, when the forward end of the extractor is swung inwardly into position for engagement with the head-end of a cartridge. By swinging the front end of the cartridge-extractor 24 outwardly to the limit of the movement permitted by the recess 21, the retaining abutment 31 of the said extractor may be swung clear of the extractor-retaining abutment I! of the breech-bolt, to thus permit the removal of the cartridge-extractor, The described swinging movement of the cartridge-extractor into a clearance position may be manually'accomplished against the tension provided by the extractorspring 30.

When the cartridge-extracting lip 26 of the cartridge-extractor 24 is swung inwardly by the extractor-spring 30, as is shown in the drawings, the said lip is in position to enter the cannel'ure of a cartridge to effect the extraction thereof when the breech-bolt I0 is retired re'arwardly lengthwise-of itself. In the position of the lip 26- just referred to, the retaining-abutment -3 I of the cartridge-extractor is located beneath the extractor-retaining abutment 1! on the. under surface of the upper portion of the cartridgeretaining flange l5. The conditions last described also prevail even though the cartridge-extracting lip 26 is swung outwardly, as would be the case when it is forcing its way over the head of a cartridge in order to enter the cannelure thereof.

Thus, under all operating conditions, the extractor-retaining abutment I! of the breech-bolt Hloverlies the retaining-abutment 3i of the cartridge-extractor 24, so that centrifugal or other forces tending to lift the said cartridge-extractor out of the recess 2'! and the passage 22 in the breech-bolt, will be positively resisted. However, and as before pointed out, should it be desired to remove the cartridge-extractor 24 from the breech-bolt It, the said cartridge-extractor may be swung against the tension of the extractorspring 30 to the limit of the movement permitted by the sloping rear wall of the recess 21, whereupon, the upwardly-facing retaining-abutment 3| of the cartridge-extractor will be shifted completely out from under the extractor-retaining abutment ll of the breech-bolt. Under the conditions last described, the cartridge-extractor 24 will be free to 'be lifted upwardly, out of the recess 27 and the vertical passage 22 in the breechbolt Ill.

The invention may be carried out in other specific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the spirit and essential charactteristics of the invention, andthe; present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as. illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

I claim:

1. Anextractor-and-breach-bolt assembly for firearms, including in combination: a breech-bolt having a cartridge-receiving recess in its forward face and having a flange-portion at the outer boundary of the said recess, the said flange-portion bein cut away to form an inwardly-facing extractor-retaining abutment extending substantially parallel with the plane of movement of the hereinafter-mentioned cartridge-extractor, the said breech-bolt being also provided with an extractor-accommodating recess extending substantially perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the breech-bolt and. located adjacent the said extractor-retaining abutment; a cartridge-extractor movably mounted in the extractor-accommodating recess in the said breech-bolt and having a, cartridge-extracting lip movable into and away from the cartridgereceiving recess in the front of the said breechbolt to engage with a cartridge seated therein, the said cartridge-extractor also having an outward-1y facing retaining-abutment constructed and arrangedto engage with the extractor-re taim'ng abutment of'the said breech-bolt to' retain the cartridge-extractor in the extractor-accommodating recess in the breech-bolt against ejection therefrom by centrifugal force when the cartridge-extracting lip of the said cartridgeextractor is in. engagement with a cartridge, and the said retaining-abutment being retirable out of cooperatin relationship with respect to the said extractor-retaining abutment; and springmeans yieldingly urging the said cartridge-extractor into position to cause its cartridge-extractin-g lip to engage with a cartridge and to cause its retaining-abutment to move into. position to engage with the extractor-retaining abutment of the said breech-bolt 2. An extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly for firearms, includin in combination: a breech-bolt having a cartridge-receiving recess in its forward face and having a substantially-annular forwardly-projecting flange forming a lateral boundary for the said recess, the said fiangebeing formed with a notch having one end shaped to form an inwardly-facing extractor-retaining abutment extending substantially parallel with the plane of movement of the hereinafter-mentioned cartridge-extractor, the said breech-bolt also being provided with an extractor accommodating recess extending substantially perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the breech-bolt and located adjacent the notch in the said flange; a cartridge-extractor movably mounted in the extractor-accommodating recess in the said breech-bolt and having a cartridgeextractin lip movable in the notch in the flange of the said breech-bolt, the said cartridge-extractor -also having an outwardly-facing retaining-abutment constructed and arranged to engage with the extractor-retaining abutment of the flange of the said breech-bolt to retain the said cartridge-extractor in the extractor-accommodating recess in the breech-bolt against ejection therefrom by centrifugal force when the cartridge-extracting lip of the said cartridgeextractor extends inwardly through the said notch into engagement with a cartridge, and the said retaining abutment being retirable out of cooperating relationship with respect to the said extractorretaining abutment; and spring-means yieldingly urging the said cartridge-extractor into position to cause its cartridge-extracting lip to engage-with a, cartridge and to cause its retaining-abutment to move into position to engage with the extractor-retainin abutment of the said breech-bolt.

3. An extractor-andbreech-bolt assembly for firearms, including in combination: a breech-bolt having a cartridge-receiving recess in its forward face and having a flange-portion at the outer boundary of the said recess, the said flange-portion bein cut away to form an inwardly-facing extractor-retaining abutment extending substantially parallel with the plane of movement of the hereinafter-mentioned cartridge-extractor, the said breech-bolt being also provided with an extractor-accommodating recess extending substantially perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal'axis of the breech-bolt and located adjacent the said extractor-retainin abutment; a a cartridge-extractor pivotally mounted in the extractor-acconnnodating recess in the said breech-bolt and having a cartridge-extracting lip swingable into and away from the cartridgereceiving recess in the front of the said breechbolt to engage with a cartridge seated therein, the said cartridge-extractor also having an outwardly-facing retaining-abutment constructed and. arranged to engage with the extractor-retaining abutment of the said breech-bolt to retain the cartridge-extractor in the cartridge-extractor-accommodating recess in the breech-bolt against ejection therefrom by centrifugal force when the cartridge-extracting lip of the said cartridge-extractor is in engagement with a cartridge, and the said retaining-abutment being swingable out of cooperating relationship with respect to the said extractor-retaining abutment; and spring-means 'yieldingly urging the said cartridge-extractor to swing into position to cause its cartridge-extracting lip to-engage with a cartridge and to cause its retaining-abutment to swing into position for engagement with the extractor-retainin abutment of the said breechbolt.

4. An extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly for firearms, including in combination: a breech-bolt having a cartridge-receiving reces in its forward face and having a substantially-annular forwardly-projecting flange forming a lateral boundary for the said recess, the said flange being formed with a notch having one end shaped to form an inwardly-facing extractor-retaining abutment extending substantially parallel with the plane of movement of the hereinafter-mentioned cartridge-extractor, the said breech-bolt also being provided with an extractor-accommodating recess extending substantially perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axi of the breech-bolt and located adjacent the notch in the said flange; a cartridge-extractor pivotally mounted in the extractor-accommodating recess in the said breech-bolt and having a cartridgeextracting lip swingable into and away from the cartridge-receiving recess in the front of the said breech-bolt to engage with a cartridge seated therein, the said cartridge-extractor also having an outwardly-facing retaining-abutment constructed and arranged to engage with the extractor-retaining abutment in the wall of the notch of the said breech -bolt to retain the'cartriclge-extractor in the extractor-accommodating recess in the breech-bolt against ejection therefrom by centrifugal force when the cartridge.- extracting lip of the cartridge-extractor i in engagement with a cartridge, and the said retaining-abutment being swingable out of cooperating relationship with respect to the said extractor-retaining abutment; and spring-means yieldingly urging the said cartridge-extractor to swing into position to cause its cartridge-extracting lip to engage with a cartridge and to cause its retaining-abutment to swing into position for engagement with the extractor-retaining abutment of the said breech-bolt.

5. An extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly for firearms, including in combination: a breech-bolt having a cartridge-receiving recess in its forward face and having a flange-portion at the outer boundary of the said recess, the said flangeportion being cut away to form an inwardlyfacing extractor-retaining abutment extending in a direction substantially crosswise of the stem of the hereinafter-mentioned cartridge-extractor, the said breech-bolt being also provided with an extractor-accommodating reces extending substantially perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the breech-bolt and located adjacent the said extractor-retaining abutment, the said extractor-retaining recess also including a stem-receiving passage also extending substantially perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the breech-bolt; a cartridgeextractor comprising a, body-portion, a cylindrically-contoured stem at one end and a cartridge-extracting lip at its other end, the said stem being pivotally mounted in the stem-receiving passage in the breech-bolt and th said body- .portion being movable in the said extractoraccommodating recess and the said cartridgeextracting lip being swingable into and away from the cartridge-receiving recess in the front of the breech-bolt to engage with a cartridge seated therein, the said cartridge-extractor also having an outwardly-facing retaining-abutment constructed and arranged to engage with the extractor-retaining abutment of the said breechbolt to retain the stem and the body-portion of the said cartridge-extractor respectively in the stem-receiving passage and the extractor-accommodating recess in the said breech-bolt against ejection therefrom by centrifugal force when the cartridge-extracting lip of the said cartridgeextractor is in engagement with a cartridge, and the said retaining-abutment being swingable out of cooperating relationship with respect to the said extractor-retaining abutment; and springmeans, yieldingly urging the said cartridge-er:- tractor to swing about its said stem into position t cause, its cartridge-extracting lip to engage av cartridge and to cause its retaining-abutment tosw-ing into position for engagement with the extractor-retaining abutment of the said breech-bolt.

6. An extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly for firearms, including in combination: a breechboltl having cartridge-engaging means in its forward face and having an inwardly-facing extractor-retaining abutment extending substantially parallel with the plane of movement of the hereinafter-mentioned cartridge-extractor, the said breech-bolt also being provided with an extractor-accommodating recess extending substantially perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the breech-bolt and located adiacent the said cartridge-retaining abutment; a cartridge-extractor movably mounted in the extractor-accommodating recess in the said breechrbolt and having a cartridge-extracting lip movable into and away from a cartridge seated against the cartridge-engaging means at the; forward end of the said breech-bolt, the said cartridge-extractor also having an outwardlyfacing retaining-abutment constructed and arranged to engage with the extractor-retaining abutment of the Said breech-bolt to retain the cartridge-extractor in the extractor-accommodating recess in the breech-bolt against ejection therefore by centrifugal force when the cartridge-extracting lip of the said cartridge-extractor is in engagement with a cartridge, and the said retaining-abutment being retirable out of cooperating relationship with respect to the said extractor-retaining abutment; and springmeansyieldingly urging the said cartridge-extractor into position to cause its cartridge-extracting lip to engage with a cartridge and to cause its retaining-abutment to move into position to-engage-with the extractor-retaining abutment of the said breech-bolt.

7.. An extractor-and-breech-bolt assembly for firearms, including in Combination: a breech,- bolt. having cartridge-engaging means its for ward face and having; an inwardly-facing ex tractor-retaining abutment extending substantially parallel with the plane of movement of thehereinafter-mentioned cartridge-extractor. the said breech-bolt also being provided with; an extractor accommodating recess extending substantially perpendicularly with respect. to the longitudinal, axis of the,- breech-bolt andlocated adjacent the said cartridge-retaining abutment; a cartridge-extractor pivotally mounted in, the extractor-accommodating recess; in the said breech-bolt and having a, cartridge-extracting lip; swingable into and away from a cartridge seated against, the cartridge-engaging means at the forward end 01 the saidbreech-bolt, the said cartridge-extractor also having an, outwardlyfacing retaining-abutment constructed and; arranged to engage with the extractor-retaining abutment of the said breechebolt to.- retain the cartridge-extractor in the extractor-aceommodating recess in the breech-bolt against. ejection therefrom by centrifugal force when the eartridge extracting lipofthe said cartridge'exr tractor is in engagement with acartridge', and the said retaining-abutment being reti-rable out of cooperating: relationship with, respect to the said extractor-retaining abutment; and spring-- means yieldingly urging the said cartridge-ex,- tractor to swing into position to cause its cartridge-extracting lip. to engage with a cartridge and to cause its retaining-abutment to swing into position to engage with the extractor-retain ng abutment. of the said breech-bolt.

JOSEPH H. DELSQLE.

REFERENCES CIT-ED- Thefollowing references; are of record in the file of: this patent:

STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,198,610 Garand Apr. 30,, 1940 1,309,337 Reising July 8,, 19 9 

